به ياران رفته درودی فرست                                        

The Circle for Iranian Architectural Studies

Le cercle pour les Etudes Architecturales Iraniennes

    Reza Nasrin Foundation

The Cultural Event in memorial of 10th anniversary of Mohammad Reza Nasrin 1944-97

L'Evénement Culturel dans le monument commémoratif de dixième anniversaire de

Workshops in Environment, Theatre and, Heritage Architecture

February  2008


 

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Related Links:

www.choocopo.ca

www.bridgesMathArt.org

www.heritageottawa.org

Articles

Bam, The City That Was, by Dr Giti Etemad

عبور از واقعیت به مجاز و رضا نسرین  صفحه 1و 2و 3

Wisdom in Art: Mathematics in Islamic Architecture in Iran, by: Hourieh Mashayekh
This article is accepted in Bridge Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science conference, which will be held in The Banff Center, Banff, Albeta,Canada. July 31-agust 3, 2005
 


The Circle for Iranian

Architectural Studies

 Le cercle pour les etudes                                                              2007-2008                                             

Architecturales Iraniennes      بنیاد نسرین                                                                                                                                                                          

Award

 CIAS Offers two $500 awards every year:

 1) One in Heritage Architectural (articles, presentation of new idea, conceptual plan, and so on)

 2) One for CIAS   volunteer team.

A jury will review all submittals and select the finalists (first award)

 

Second award will be offered  to Nasrin Volunteer team


The winners also will be presented at the next event, at the foundation’s web site, at the newsletters and publication. The foundation plans to publish the list of winners, their resume and history of awards every two years.
All submissions must follow the specified format and guidelines as appeared on the web site.

The award deadline is the first of February
 
Winners will be invited to present their work in the next event.

Award Committee

 

906-257 Lisgar St., Ottawa, ON,

       K2P 0C7

      (613) 233-4605

Email: hourimashayekh@yahoo.ca

www.nasrinfoundation.org

The following quotes regarding the value of cultural heritage are paraphrases of some of the writings of the architect - Mhamad Reza Nasrin, published under the name of: The Cultural Environment, 1998.

The damage of the Ozone Layer has been recognized as a major worldwide problem, however it must also be accepted that the loss of cultural heritage is a problem that affects every human being as well.

A society without memories is flawed. Its perfection is achieved through the protection of its heritage

A society will keep alive, and will continue to prosper if it is able to keep its memories alive.

Elements of our heritage may no longer be functional, but they exist as reminders of human history and its worthiness.
It is my belief that:

A city with a healthy sense of its past is a proud and safe city

City funding for heritage has a multiplier effect enabling organizations to raise even more funds from other levels of government and private sector sources.

Possible funding resource:

1) The levying of a hotel and entertainment tax.

2) An increase in the business property tax.

Hourieh Mashayekh
M.Architect and Town Planner
Council of Heritage Organization in Ottawa,
member of board, 2005


                                      Our wonderful guest speaker

Theatre Workshop address

June 23, 2007

Dear members of the Nasrin Foundation and The Circle for Iranian Architectural Studies, Ladies and Gentlemen, good afternoon;

My name is Yvan Cazabon, and I’m an associate director of the Carleton University School of Architecture as well as a faculty member there.

Thank you for your invitation to speak at this “Theatre Workshop” and beginning of your “Architecture and Theatre” workshop & conference series. It is an honour.

When we discuss theatre, we inevitably speak of its future, its survival. Each generation in the past 100 years has contemplated the crisis and possible demise of the art-form that is theatre and yet, we witness its endurance in festivals such as this one and the numerous professional and amateur theatre seasons that we are lucky to have in Ottawa. Somehow theatre endures… it survives the shifting trends of contemporary society by virtue of its ability to embrace change and at times to critically re-invent itself. In this way, it is a true art form, capable of contemporary expression while keeping its relationship to history and tradition.

Contemporary theatre, in the hands of its creative writers and directors (Robert Lepage, Robert Wilson, etc.) and new emerging troupes is experiencing a most significant change on the international scene. We are witnessing a merging of narrative art-forms including music, dance, theatre, spatial design (architecture) whereby boundaries once set by tradition are being questioned, challenged, referenced and re-invented. This (sometimes controversial) phenomenon, I find very interesting and promising… because in it I see the potential of a contemporary expression of our diverse society with an important referencing to our near and distance past, our long standing traditions, our history. French philosopher, Paul Ricoeur once observed, almost 50 years ago now, that a society’s survival depends on its ability to continuously re-invent itself while staying true to its past… this he argued was the mandate of a society’s artists.

To mount a theatrical narrative, as the famous saying goes is to set the conditions of “suspended disbelief”… to create the conditions by which we are transported convincingly into the narrative, the story-line of an abstracted setting. By abstraction, I refer etymologically to the use of “abstract” as a verb…. To abstract from, is to bring out or bring forward the essential qualities and truths of a particular narrative in order to show its purity… unfortunately, we often use the word abstraction to mean the opposite… an abstract art form is obscure or difficult to access. Theatre is arguably, the epitome of abstraction in narrative art. It can transport us into another time and space, by narrative structure and by historical referent, while telling a story in present and contemporary time. Architecture?

In a recent Citizen article (I’m sorry I don’t remember the author) I read that the present challenge of theatre was not so much to “suspend disbelief” but rather to “suspend cynicism”… I tend to agree. As we all know, our children are increasingly bombarded with the stuff of contemporary culture. The importance of a given message is weighed not by its true value but by its repetition, its media and celebrity appeal, its shelf-life. Our children are born into a society of speed, excess and special effects. Faced with innumerable choices, they are increasingly skeptical and at the extreme, cynical. To be convincingly transported into a narrative requires a Wow factor… and a “not too slow, not too long please” factor!

And yet, as we remember our children as infants, we will also recall their love of stories. Their curiosities satisfied by a picture book or a parent’s story. Our children, like us, need to communicate and tell stories, need to fill their imaginations with images of other places and events, true or fictitious. We are born into narrative… we create it and we retell it… and in the world of theatre, we suspend the world around us to partake in it.

 

Encourage your children to love theatre, teach them to love stories by discovering the magic that is created by artists and writers. Support theatre in your local schools and communities… this will assure the continued survival of theatre whatever form it may eventually take.

I wish you luck and success in your architecture and theatre activities…. And in the words of theatre players, “Break a leg!”.

Thank you,

Yvan Cazabon, M.Arch, MRAIC

Associate Director – Undergrad

Carleton University School of Architecture

                                                                             *********************

 

 

                                                              ---------------------------------------------------

                                                                   Hourieh Mashayekh

Waters of life and Irem, s Paradise-                                      

 What meaning do our dreams and pomp convey

Save that beside a mighty stream, wide-fed,

We sit and sing of wine and go our way!     (Hafez 14th. Century translated by Gertrude Bell)

Abstract

The Khwaju Bridge is an important and still functional monument, at once a bridge, a dam and restful spot to view the city of Esfahan, centeral of Iran and the river [Zayandeh Rud] in a leisurely way. It is built at the deepest point of the river, where the water reaches a depth of 1.75m, so it can accumulate the greatest volume of water.

This dam-bridge is a master piece of architecture, structural   and hydraulic engineering of Iran. Its mathematical, aesthetic and acoustic aspect are of great importance

“The Khwaju Bridge is an important and still functional monument, at once a bridge, a dam and restful spot to view the city of Esfahan,  central of Iran and the river [Zayandeh Rud] in a leisurely way. It is built at the deepest point of the river, where the water reaches a depth of 1.75m, so it can accumulate the greatest volume of water.

It is believed that the bridge was built on the site of an older one from the fifteenth century. The present bridge was built in 1650.” (1) 

Khwaju Bridge is  built from sand, brick and sarouj (Local concrete) that is laid against the river side. It is a traditional place for stopping and resting.

Khwaju Bridge, Esfahan, Iran    Photographer Khosrow Bozorgi  1999

“Interior view of the upper arches"

This dam-bridge is a master piece of architecture, structural   and hydraulic engineering of Iran. Its mathematical, aesthetic and acoustic aspect are of great importance. First it seems that the reason of building this bridge is only connecting the two side of Zayandeh  Rud and  the bridge deleted the roared water obstacle but the architecture transfers passing to a thing that is beyond time and place

Refrences:

(1)     M. Mousavi, Bridges and Dames, 2001. Splendor of Iran volume two page: 51

(2)     Archnet:

                 And  a free translation of  Obour, the article written by Mohamad Reza Nasrin and Hourieh Mashayekh 1997,  Architecture and  Urbsnism. Iran Tehran

                                                           -----------------

                                                              Negareh Ayat   Tehran-Iran

                                                                                     2007

"نماد، رمز، و راز"

مفاهیم نمادین دایره، مربع، و مثلث

 

هر چیز، هر پدیده، و هر تصویری در طبیعت می تواند برای انسان تبدیل به نماد شود. از مادی ترین و ملموس ترین چون سنگ و چوب و برگ و حیوانات گرفته تا دور از دسترس ترین مثل ماه و خورشید و چهار عنصر مثالی. هر آنچه که اثر انسان بر زمین است؛ معماری، نقاشی، و به طور کلی آنچه که آنرا فرهنگ و تمدن می نامیم چیزی نیست جز طبیعت  ناب که توسط انسان وام گرفته شده و دوباره بازنمایی شده است. اینجا انسان درست به سان تبدیل کننده ( کاتالیزور) عمل میکند.

برای انسان اندیشمند( صاحب فکر) همه چیز از کلمه آغاز میشود. پیدایش مفهوم مجرد و اختصاص دادن واژه ای مشخص برای نامیدن یک مفهوم, در عرفان یهودی، کابالا همه چیز و همهء جهان ها از کلمه خلق شد. (...وخدا کلمه بود...) خلق کلمه، خلق جهان است (word & world).

نماد شکلی قراردادی است که هزاران کلمه و جمله و تفسیر را در خود خلاصه می کند. میتوان گفت که نماد مرحله ای از تکثر معانی از یک شکل واحد است که نقطهء مقابل آن رمز (code) می باشد. نماد میتواند به رمز تبدیل شود یک معنای واحد مورد نظر.

نماد میتواند تفسیر شود اما رمز تفسیر پذیر نیست. رمز فقط و فقط به یک معنای سری و مخفی (حفاظت شده) ، مفهومی که نباید همگانی شود دلالت دارد. با مقایسهء تفسیرها و نمادهای گوناگون میتوان رمز را شکست . رمز به هیچ وجه در کلمه ، معنا، و تشریح تقسیم پذیر نیست و دانشی است برای گذر. رمز، کلیدی است برای گذر از یک مرحله به مرحله ای دیگر مثل یک پل، مثل یک در. رمز یک معنای ذاتی است که نماد به کمک آن آمده و برای کشف رمز به صورت ابزاری عمل میکند. درست مثل جمله بالا:" مثل یک پل، مثل یک در".

اما راز(secret)؛ صرفاً آن چیزی است که نباید رمز آن گشوده شود. هویت راز به مخفی ماندن و خوانده نشدن آن است. مرحله ای که از نماد دور است. مرحله ای بسیار تجریدی که به کلمه در نمی آید. راز همان سکوت است. نقطه اول در مثلث جادویی فیثاغورثیان؛ تتراکتیس. بیان کردن و به زبان آوردن، به مثابهء آشکار شدن و به عالم ماده آوردن مفهوم، خواسته، و اندیشه است.

نمادها:

برای بازنگری نمادها از ساده ترین آنها، یعنی اشکال بنیادین: دایره، مربع، و مثلث شروع میکنیم. ابتدا میتوانیم خیلی ساده و به طریقهء رمز شکنی (decode) هر یک را معادل یک عنصر بیابیم. دایره= آب، مربع= خاک، مثلث= آتش. بنابراین، همهء مفاهیمی که به این سه عنصر منسوب میشود، به این سه شکل بنیادی نیز قابل تعمیم است.  مثلاً دایره، منبع زندگی و حیات، چرخ هستی است همچون آب که عنصر مرتبط آن و منشاء زندگی است.

دایره:

کاندینسکی مینویسد: " نقطه، زندگی است. تصویرِ اصلیِ بیان است. دایره ای است که به غایت کوچک شده است: خُرد ترین شکل زمان است"[1].

دایره شکلی است که دلالت بر بی زمانی دارد چرا که نه آغازی دارد و نه پایانی (زمان). بنابراین میتوانیم  مفهوم دایره به خصوص در معماری گونه ای دیگر بنگریم. این مفهوم به مرور، معنای حرکت، چرخ، راه، گردونه[2]،(چرخ زمان، گردونه زمان، گردونه مهر یا خور-شید، که خود به عنوان ابزار سنجش و اندازه گیری زمان در ساعت های خورشیدی به کار گرفته میشد) و زمانِ سپری شونده، به خود گرفته است. دایره نماد عهد و پیمان نیز هست، در ایران تبدیل به حلقهء ایزد مهر و یا حلقهء فره ایزدی در نماد فروهر شده و هم اکنون نیز در همهء فرهنگ ها کم و بیش نماد تعهد، مرحلهء گذر، و نشان مهر است. کلاً فضای درون دایره فضایی مقدس، جادویی و محافظت شده است.

مربع:

همانطور که دایره نماد روح است، مربع نیز نماد جسم میباشد چرا که این شکل چهار گوش از اجتماع چهار عنصر پدید آورندهء ماده حکایت میکند عالم بالا میبوده به شکل دایره ای ساخته میشده است. پیدایش گنبد مرحلهء جالب توجه ای در معماری می باشد. یکی از قدیمیترین نوع. گنبد، حد فاصل و رابطِ گذر جسم به عالم روحانی است. شالودهء معماری ایرانی بر حیاط های چهارگوش و حوض های دایره ای یا پنج وهشت ضلعی در مرکز حیاط میباشد. یکی از کهن ترین الگوهای شهرسازی نیز بنابر طرح دایره ای و بر حول نقطهء مرکزی دایره، و گسترشِ به سوی بیرون بوده است.

مربع نماد این تسلسل و فرود و ادامهء زندگی و حکمرانی الهی در عالم ماده است . مربع فضای قابل تسخیر بوسیلهء انسان است (مکان).

 

مثلث:

بازهم به معماری ایران باز میگردیم؛ آتش، نماد خِرد نخستین و ازلی جلوه ای از دانایی بیکران و عالم ماورای انسان است (مثلث نماد آتش) که در آتشکده یا دارِ مهر، یعنی همان بناهای مکعبی در شکل ابتدایی خود تکریم و تقدیس میشود.

در کیمیاگری، تثلیث مقدس؛ سه گانهء جسم/خاک، روح/ آب، جان/هوا، می باشد که باید پس از مرحلهء پالایش، دوباره به دایره باز گردد. مثلث تنها شکلی است که جهت پذیر است و جهت رو به بالا یا رو به پایین آن در معنایش تاثیر می گذارد.

 

IMG08620

ArchNet Image ID

IMG14090

Photograph Date

n/a

Medium

Drawing

Photographer

Courtesy of Aga Khan Visual Archive, MIT

Copyright

Aga Khan Visual Archive, MIT

Source

Aga Khan Visual Archive, MIT

Caption

Floor plan of mosque

Source ID

117484

 

 

 

ArchNet Image ID

IMG08620

Photograph Date

1933-34

Medium

B & W print

Photographer

Robert Byron

Copyright

Conway Library, Courtauld Institute of Art

Source

Fine Arts Library, Harvard College Library

Caption

Interior detail of dome and zone of transition with glazed tile revetment

Source ID

Byron Neg. # A47/317

 

ArchNet Image ID

IIR0044

Photograph Date

2000

Medium

35 mm slide

Photographer

Talinn Grigor

Copyright

Aga Khan Visual Archive, MIT

Source

Aga Khan Visual Archive, MIT

Caption

Detail view of the dome interior

Source ID

Box 194

 

 

ArchNet Image ID

IAA2652

Photograph Date

1996

Medium

35 mm slide

Photographer

Justin Fitzhugh

Copyright

Aga Khan Award for Architecture

Source

Aga Khan Trust for Culture

Caption

The main entrance to the mosque from the Maydan-i Shah

برای این اشکال میتوان بسیار تفسیر و معنا جمع آوری کرد. اما گذشته از اشکال بنیادین، اشکال ترکیبی نیز رفته رفته به شکل گرفتن زبان و خط تصویری کمک کردند.

This article is nominated for CIAS award 2008
 

[1] نقطه- خط- گستره. واسیلی کاندینسکی.

[2] ریشه یابی این واژه به پیکر اصلی زبانهای هند و اروپایی باز میگردد چنانکه در زبان گائلیک- آیریش(سلتی) واژه راه وچرخ نیز از همین ریشه است. در سانسکریت نیز کلمه های راه، گردون (چرخان،در حرکت) و چرخ از همین ریشه است.

 

 

  Bam, the City that was

 

Bam is located in south east of Iran (with a distance of 200 km. to the south of Kerman) with a population of 90.000 (before the earthquake) it was not an ordinary city, it had a famous heritage of human civilization, Arg of Bam (or Bam, s citadel ) with 20 hectars area and more than 2000 years history, it was the largest building of sun dried brick in the world. The wall of the Citadel had 1800 m. length, 15-18 m. height with 38 watching towers.

    It had two main parts, one was for the governor and the latter was for the ordinary people. the whole Citadel is located on the hill with 50 m. height  the people used to live there till 150 years ago.

    The first part contained the castle (governors residential) part the arsenal, the stable and the second part contained the houses (528 ones) bazaar, takieh(religious place) school, zoorkhaneh (sport club) carvansara, Public bath (there were some private bathes in the house). The castle was separated with a high wall and watching towers from the peoples residential area.

      Bam county with 120000 population provided 10% of oranges in Iran and 10% of the exported dates of Iran comes from Bam. there are 1,000,000palm trees( 20,000 T dates, 10000 T Oranges yearly production).

      Bam was important during the history because of its geographical situation, located on the east-west main road of Iran.

       After this introduction I would like to explain briefly the problem of earthquake in Iran and specially in Bam.

        The Iranian plateau is one of the most seismically active region in the world and destructive earthquake with heavy human and financial losses occur here now and then. But it is not only such region in the world.

        On 26th. December 2003 we had a hazardous disaster in Bam. An earthquake with 6.5 R. strength , which more than 40000 human losses thousands injured, 20000 houses and public building were destroyed.

       At the same time there was an earthquake in California, with the same strength  (6.5 R.) but only two women were killed as an old clock tower was destroyed. So it is natural to ask why?

Every one decade we have a big earthquake in Iran with thousands death  and so many destruction. It could be a very good experience to learn to avoid such a disaster to be repeated, but no one paid enough attention to what has occurred. So in Bam 80% of Arg and the city were destroyed.

        The question is what is the main problem in Iran and who is responsible

         It is obvious that the main problem is: lack of enough regulation concerning the design of earthquake- resistant building, also (and more important) lack of responsible management to execute this regulation. But who is responsible and shares in this responsibility?

1-The designers who do not use this regulation to design the earthquake resistant building.

2- The structural engineers who do not use them in their calculations for structural designs.

3- The contractors and executers who give reduction in their proposal costs, so they are obliged to reduce their costs by providing low quality buildings.

4- The supervising engineers who close their eyes on all of the mistakes, and confirm the low quality and un resistant buildings , with no protection against natural disasters.

5- The owner, specially the sponsors of the public buildings( schools, hospitals etc.) who do not employ the qualifies engineers  and contractors because of their financial benefits or other reasons.

6- The professional societies who have no control over the works of their members.

7- The municipalities who have not enough control over the buildings( private and public) of  the cities.

8- And above all, the government who does not mind the mistakes and ignorance of its organization in term of buildings safety in urban and rural area whereas having a safe home and safe public buildings is the first right of every human being.

        the news of Bam earthquake were spread world wide and a lot of helps all over the world were well done, specially through Iranian who lived abroad, or at home. But unfortunately because of the expanded size of the disaster and specially because of the mismanagement, lack of coordination  between various organizations specially the public ones, also between different N.G.OS, the result was not satisfactory for the disaster people of Bam.

         One of the main problems was the wide immigration from the region of other areas.

 

Conclusion

1-     The situation of Bam (the people and the town) is worse than what we have or read.

2-      The interviews with the people and the local authorities indicate that, everybody agrees to settle in his/her former place and house, either as a temporary accommodation or as a permanent house. It is interesting to know that the people of Bam due to the palm gardens, used to live in their garden in summer times. So to settle them in the garden in this coming summer and autumn while the town is rebuilding, is quite appropriate.

3-     3- One of the main problem of the town is the debris ( how to take them away or how to store them). So we can propose to recycle them( as Japans used to do 0 and using them in rebuilding the city at least in the mid or long term, to avoid the environmental disasters.

4-     The people and local authorities, confirm the rebuilding of the city (specially the houses) by the people, which can be done faster and cheaper. But the designs, plans, materials, and so on can be provided and control by the government or N.G.O s

5-     Rebuilding the city by people, in addition, provides more employment and is very helpful for the people to forget their sorrow and being busy with their own work.

6-     To do studies and planning the city rebuilding, we do not need only planners and architects, but other social experts to avoid the bad experience of the past( in Buin Zahra and Roodbar).

7-     We should consider the result of the former earthquakes and the issues of the related rebuilding of the mentioned places. Fortunately the head of the rebuilding organization has experience of the former rebuilding. So he can avoid  the past mistakes.

8-     One of the main problems in the city, at the moment is the existence of a kind of wandering among the people and the local authorities as well. This is in extent natural for the people, because of the mental shock they have had, but it relates more or less to the result of the un cleared program of the government. SO to provide a clear program, even for the short time would be necessary and useful.

 

 

Dr. Giti Etemad

 

May 2004

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 

 Uni corporation  2008-2010

   Award

 Offers two $500 awards every year:

 1) One in environmental Studies (articles, presentation of new idea, conceptual plan, and so on)

 2) One for Nasrin volunteer team.

A jury will review all submittals and select the finalists (first award)
 

Second award will be offered  to Nasrin Volunteer team


The winners also will be presented at the next event, at the foundation’s web site, at the newsletters and publication. The foundation plans to publish the list of winners, their resume and history of awards every two years.


All submissions must follow the specified format and guidelines as appeared on the web site.

The award deadline is the first of February
 
Winners will be invited to present their work in the next event.

 

Nasrin unicorporation

Award Committee

 



© 2005 Reza Nasrin Foundation

Contact: You can send your comments to info@nasrinfoundation.org
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